户籍歧视对劳动报酬差异的影响

在我国，户籍歧视是形成劳动力市场分割的重要原因，它不但通过阻碍劳动力流动造成城乡收入差异，也会促成农民工和城镇工人之间劳动报酬的差异。本文利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）多年的数据，对我国户籍歧视影响劳动报酬差异的程度进行计算和分析。结论表明，近几年户籍歧视现象并没有明显改观，政府在制定相应政策时，仍需关注这方面的问题。     

劳动力市场的横向分割与纵向分割之比较

本文以劳动力市场的横向分割与纵向分割两种分割系统为线索,力求对分割理论和现实情况进行勾勒与诠释,主要从生成因素、经济效应、应对之策三个维度对两者展开比较,试图对该研究领域的诸多观点进行梳理与整合。     

菲律宾海外劳务经营模式研究

菲律宾是世界上第一个运用"分布式经济"模式的国家,出国劳务有力支撑和推动了该国经济的发展。菲律宾对劳务输出的健全管理、系统培训、政策支持、法律保护等各种措施,都值得中国借鉴。     

代理问题中的长期关系型契约——解决国有企业委托代理问题的新思考

现代企业的委托代理问题是目前我国国有企业面临的一个现实而棘手的问题,有大量相关文献论及国有企业的委托代理问题及其解决对策,但都忽视了我国国情的特殊性。本文提出了“长期全方位关系型契约”概念,试图从契约的设计、激励约束机制的长期契约安排角度,讨论国有企业委托代理问题,指出委托代理问题解决的关键是委托人与代理人长期综合利益的协调一致。     

劳动力城乡统筹的政治经济学分析

从政治经济学的角度看，劳动力价值是由其成本决定的，并受市场供求关系的影响。研究发现，与农村劳动力再生产成本相比，农村劳动力价格过低。原因在于：一是劳动力市场总量供过于求；二是劳动力市场在结构上处于一种分割状态，从属劳动力市场大量低素质劳动力的存在导致了这部分市场供给严重过剩，劳动力价格难以提升。要打破市场分割，必须加大对农村人力资本的投入，提高劳动者价值。     

中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析

文章利用一个资源错配对TFP影响的核算框架和中国改革开放30年的宏观经济、产业相关数据,估算了当前中国农业部门就业比重过大对全要素生产率产生的影响。结果显示,改革以来,劳动力错配对TFP有着明显的负效应,以不同的指标计算,在-2%到-18%之间,并呈逐渐扩大趋势。这种负的效应随着发展和改革的历程有明显的波动趋势;把总效应分解为工资差异效应和部门份额效应以后,显示中国当前的劳动力错配对TFP产生的负效应主要是由于部门间的工资差异所致。     

基础设施、拥挤性与城市生产率差异——来自中国267个城市市辖区数据的实证研究

针对我国城市空间结构和劳动生产率差异明显的现状,对我国267个地级城市的基础设施情况进行指标评价,并根据评价结果实证分析了基础设施水平、城市拥挤性对城市生产率的影响。研究结果表明,基础设施和就业密度对我国城市生产率的积极作用,同时两者的合力对城市生产率具有较强的驱动作用。     

Why Are Quit Rates Lower Among Defense Contractors?

This paper presents empirical evidence of lower quit rates at small manufacturers with defense contracts and examines whether this is associated with differences in their human resource policies and organizational practices and strategies. We take advantage of an original data set to compare labor quits, workforce skills, and occupational structure between defense‐contracting and noncontracting small manufacturers in eastern Pennsylvania. We find that the remarkably large defense contractor advantage in quit rates—7 percentage points—is almost totally explained by differences in skills, operational strategies, and workforce management and training practices, suggesting a mediation effect through these HR practices. Defense‐contracting status emerges as an important overlooked variable in HRM studies.     

Labor market institutions and inflation volatility in the euro area

Despite having had the same currency for many years, EMU countries still have quite different inflation dynamics. In this paper we explore one possible reason: country specific labor market institutions, giving rise to different inflation volatilities. When unemployment insurance schemes differ, as they do in EMU, reservation wages react differently in each country to area-wide shocks. This implies that real marginal costs and inflation also react differently. We report evidence for EMU countries supporting the existence of a cross-country link over the cycle between labor market structures on the one side and real wages and inflation on the other. We then build a DSGE model that replicates the data evidence. The inflation volatility differentials produced by asymmetric labor markets generate welfare losses at the currency area level of approximately 0.3% of steady state consumption.